Encephalitis

Overview

Encephalitis is a rare but serious condition where the brain becomes inflamed, usually due to a viral infection, though autoimmune causes are also possible. The condition can vary from mild symptoms to life-threatening complications and often requires urgent medical care and long-term rehabilitation.

At Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital, we provide specialist inpatient rehabilitation and support for individuals recovering from encephalitis, helping to maximise functional outcomes and quality of life.

Causes of Encephalitis

• Viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex virus, measles, mumps, rubella)
• Autoimmune encephalitis
• Post-infectious (parainfectious) encephalitis
• Bacterial or fungal infections (rare)

Symptoms of Encephalitis

Symptoms can develop quickly and may include:

• Unconsciousness or coma in severe cases
• Headache
• Fever
• Confusion or disorientation
• Seizures
• Sensitivity to light
• Difficulty speaking or understanding language
• Behavioural changes
• Weakness or loss of sensation in parts of the body

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis is essential and typically includes:

• Neurological assessment
• Brain MRI or CT scan
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
• Blood tests
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Treatment Options

While treatment depends on the cause, it may involve:

• Intensive neurological rehabilitation
• Antiviral medication (e.g., acyclovir)
• Corticosteroids for autoimmune inflammation
• Antibiotics or antifungal treatment if needed
• Seizure control medications

Rehabilitation at Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital

We provide a fully integrated, consultant-led programme for patients with peripheral neuropathy and nerve compression Our multidisciplinary team specialises in complex neurological rehabilitation. For patients recovering from encephalitis, we offer:

• Neurological physiotherapy
• Cognitive and speech therapy
• Psychological support
• Occupational therapy
• Nutritional guidance

Our aim is to promote recovery, independence, and reintegration into everyday life.

When to Seek Medical Help

Seek immediate medical attention if you or someone you know experiences:

• Sudden confusion or behavioural change
• Seizures
• Persistent high fever and headache
• Loss of consciousness

Early intervention significantly improves outcomes in encephalitis.

Our Resident Neurologist

Dr Weatherall is very welcoming and highly experienced. He offers his patients sound diagnosis and treatment, along with individual care focused on their future health.

Dr Mark Weatherall

Consultant Neurologist

Field