Encephalitis

Overview

Encephalitis is a rare but serious condition where the brain becomes inflamed, usually due to a viral infection, though autoimmune causes are also possible. The condition can vary from mild symptoms to life-threatening complications and often requires urgent medical care and long-term rehabilitation.

At Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital, we provide specialist inpatient rehabilitation and support for individuals recovering from encephalitis, helping to maximise functional outcomes and quality of life.

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Causes of Encephalitis

• Viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex virus, measles, mumps, rubella)
• Autoimmune encephalitis
• Post-infectious (parainfectious) encephalitis
• Bacterial or fungal infections (rare)

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Symptoms of Encephalitis

Symptoms can develop quickly and may include:

• Unconsciousness or coma in severe cases
• Headache
• Fever
• Confusion or disorientation
• Seizures
• Sensitivity to light
• Difficulty speaking or understanding language
• Behavioural changes
• Weakness or loss of sensation in parts of the body

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Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis is essential and typically includes:

• Neurological assessment
• Brain MRI or CT scan
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
• Blood tests
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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Treatment Options

While treatment depends on the cause, it may involve:

• Intensive neurological rehabilitation
• Antiviral medication (e.g., acyclovir)
• Corticosteroids for autoimmune inflammation
• Antibiotics or antifungal treatment if needed
• Seizure control medications

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Rehabilitation at Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital

We provide a fully integrated, consultant-led programme for patients with peripheral neuropathy and nerve compression Our multidisciplinary team specialises in complex neurological rehabilitation. For patients recovering from encephalitis, we offer:

• Neurological physiotherapy
• Cognitive and speech therapy
• Psychological support
• Occupational therapy
• Nutritional guidance

Our aim is to promote recovery, independence, and reintegration into everyday life.

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When to Seek Medical Help

Seek immediate medical attention if you or someone you know experiences:

• Sudden confusion or behavioural change
• Seizures
• Persistent high fever and headache
• Loss of consciousness

Early intervention significantly improves outcomes in encephalitis.