Contents
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition that increases the risk of abnormal blood clotting. It can lead to serious complications, including ischaemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE).
At The Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital, we specialise in neurorehabilitation for stroke survivors, including those whose stroke was caused by APS or other clotting disorders. Our inpatient programmes are designed to help individuals regain independence, reduce complications, and improve long-term quality of life.
What Is Antiphospholipid Syndrome?
APS causes the immune system to mistakenly produce antibodies that attack certain normal proteins in the blood. This results in an increased tendency for the blood to clot in both arteries and veins.
It can occur:
- On its own (primary APS)
- In combination with another autoimmune condition, such as lupus (secondary APS)
Because APS can affect blood flow to the brain, heart, lungs and other organs, early diagnosis and careful management are vital.
Symptoms and Signs
The symptoms of APS vary depending on where clots form. Common signs include:
- Ischaemic stroke (especially in younger adults)
- Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) – mini stroke with temporary symptoms
- DVT – pain or swelling in the legs
- Pulmonary embolism – sudden chest pain or breathlessness
- Repeated miscarriages – a key feature in women of childbearing age
- Visual disturbances, confusion, or balance problems if the brain is affected
Some individuals may not show obvious signs until a major event like a stroke occurs.
What Causes APS?
The exact cause of APS is not fully understood. However, risk factors include:
- A personal or family history of autoimmune disease
- Infections that may trigger autoimmune responses
- Certain medications
- Having lupus or another connective tissue disorder
- Pregnancy, surgery, or immobility (which can unmask the condition)
APS is diagnosed using blood tests that detect antiphospholipid antibodies. A diagnosis typically requires two abnormal test results taken at least 12 weeks apart, along with a history of a clotting event or miscarriage.
What Causes APS?
The exact cause of APS is not fully understood. However, risk factors include:
- A personal or family history of autoimmune disease
- Infections that may trigger autoimmune responses
- Certain medications
- Having lupus or another connective tissue disorder
- Pregnancy, surgery, or immobility (which can unmask the condition)
APS is diagnosed using blood tests that detect antiphospholipid antibodies. A diagnosis typically requires two abnormal test results taken at least 12 weeks apart, along with a history of a clotting event or miscarriage.
How We Support Recovery at The Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital
We offer specialist inpatient neurorehabilitation for patients who have experienced:
- Stroke or TIA related to APS
- Other neurological symptoms caused by blood clots
- Long-term effects from delayed or untreated APS
Our multidisciplinary approach includes:
- Physiotherapy – to improve movement, strength and coordination
- Occupational therapy – to support independence with daily tasks
- Speech and language therapy – for communication or swallowing difficulties
- Neuropsychology – for memory, focus and emotional wellbeing
- Specialist nursing – with experience managing complex neurological needs
Our care is guided by consultant-led rehabilitation plans and delivered in a calming, purpose-built setting.
Who We Help
Our inpatient rehabilitation service supports adults aged 18+ who:
- Are recovering from stroke caused by APS or another clotting disorder
- Need coordinated rehabilitation to address neurological symptoms
- Require a structured therapy programme after hospital discharge
- Want personalised support to rebuild function and quality of life
For more information or to arrange a private consultation, please call 01296 678800 or contact us online.
Why Choose Us?
Calm inpatient setting with 24/7 nursing support
One of the UK’s leading private neurorehabilitation hospitals
Multidisciplinary expertise in stroke recovery and complex autoimmune conditions
Personalised therapy plans and consultant oversight
19 September 2025